No.
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Title
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Author
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Publisher
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Spec pop
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Year
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41
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Black Populations, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, and Research: Implications for Nurses.
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Baker, S.
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Appl Nurs Res. 14(2):94-9.
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African American
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2001
May
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Knowledge that is generated from research is critical toward understanding the prevention, impact, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). During the past several decades, the Black community has been disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Therefore, engaging their participation in HIV/AIDS research is necessary to understand the disease further and to develop strategies for nursing interventions. Many factors hinder Blacks from participating in HIV/AIDS research. This review provides information for nurses about problems related to recruitment and recommendations for recruiting Black participants for HIV/AIDS research. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
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42
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Utility of Health Belief Model As A Guide for Explaining or Predicting Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors.
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Yarbrough, S. S.
Braden, C. J.
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J Adv Nurs. 33(5):677-88.
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Spec. Pop Women
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2001
Mar
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AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of HBM as a theoretical guide for predicting breast cancer screening and therefore for guiding intervention studies. BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for middle age women (35-50) and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in all women in the United States (US). Early detection of breast cancer through screening is the only option available to women. However, less than half of all women in the US participate in screening. The health belief model
(HBM), which specifies interactions of values and beliefs about health and their influence on choices, has been widely used to explain screening behavior. METHODS: An integrative research review analyzed 16 published descriptive studies employing
HBM. Literature was located through a search of research based studies listed in Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health
(CINAHL), Medline, and cancer literature databases and studies cited in other references between 1990 and 1999. FINDINGS: Application of HBM was inconsistent. No study tested nonlinear relationships between variables as specified in the model. At best, the model explained 47% of the variance in screening behavior when socioeconomic status was included. Otherwise predictive power was low, ranging from 15 to 27%. CONCLUSIONS: While the model provides some description of the values, beliefs and behaviors of middle-aged women primarily, HBM does not appear to have the power to consistently predict behaviors. Further research is needed to provide more thorough depiction of the social, nonhealth care meaning of breast cancer.
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43
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Breastfeeding Care in Multicultural Populations.
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Riordan, J.
Gill-Hopple, K.
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J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 30(2):216-23.
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Spec. Pop Women
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2001
Mar-Apr
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Although the number and diversity of minority women in the United States is growing, breastfeeding rates remain low. Nurses can increase breastfeeding rates in minority populations if they are aware of and appreciate cultural differences. Following an overview of culture's effect on breastfeeding, this article focuses on practical aspects of caring for breastfeeding mothers in various cultural groups. Breastfeeding educational programs are effective when they are culturally sensitive and emerge from the culture itself.
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44
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'Transgressing Venues': 'Health' Studies, Cultural Studies and The Media.
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King, M.
Watson, K.
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Health Care Anal. 9(4):401-16.
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General
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2001
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This paper looks at how the strategies of media and cultural studies can be applied to the health studies field. This relationship, however, has been met with resistance due to a number of status debates. We argue the importance of fostering links between these 'disciplines' namely because the definition of what constitutes 'health' has been broadened and is inscribed in most forms of popular media. Using the example of the 'health and lifestyle' debate, we argue that the media informs cultural understandings about requirements for living and is therefore a crucial area of analysis for health studies (and cultural/media studies) students. We are also concerned with analyzing how the media contributes to the construction and regulation of 'healthy' subjects making links with public health discourses and current debates in the field of media and health.
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45
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A Review of the Concept of Culture in Holistic Nursing Literature
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Barnes, D. M.
Craig, K. K.
Chambers, K. B.
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J Holist Nurs. 18(3):207-21, discussion 222-6.
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General
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2000
Sep
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Core Value IV of the American Holistic Nurses' Association includes valuing the client's cultural background. The authors reviewed all article abstracts from two major holistic nursing journals for a 3-year period (N = 198). References to concepts of culture or ethnicity were found in only 9.6% of abstracts. Many theorists and researchers did not discuss how the theory or research findings varied between culturally or ethnically diverse samples. When culture is a core value, practitioners and researchers cannot assume that culture has been considered without stating what was the interaction of culture with the phenomenon of concern. The authors recommend that nurses develop cultural competence in caring for clients from differing cultural orientations by (a) committing to improve their knowledge of multiple cultures; (b) exploring their own cultural background; (c) seeking exposure to cultures other than their own; and (d) regularly discussing culture and ethnicity in nursing theory, research, and practice.
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46
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Culture As an Influence on Breast Cancer Screening and Early Detection.
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Facione, N. C.
Katapodi, M.
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Semin Oncol Nurs. 16(3):238-47.
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Spec. Pop Women
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2000
Aug
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OBJECTIVES: To explore how culture may play a part in breast cancer screening, early detection, and efforts to decrease breast mortality. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles published in the past 20 years on cultural aspects of cancer prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS: Research seems directed more at discovering cultural differences than at identifying similarities on how culture influences breast cancer screening and early detection. The influences of poverty and lack of educational opportunities account for much of what is termed cultural difference. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Improving practice through an informed understanding of culture calls for considerable self-education and a fundamental refinement of care delivery.
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47
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HIV Health Crisis and African Americans: A Cultural Perspective.
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Plowden, K.
Miller, J. L.
James, T.
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ABNF J. 11(4):88-93.
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African American
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2000 Jul-Aug
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While incidence of new HIV infections have decreased in the overall population, the numbers continue to rise in African-Americans creating a serious health emergency. Studies seem to imply that part of the rise is due to HIV beliefs and high risk behaviors among African Americans. Due to certain societal factors, African Americans appear to be at greater risk for contracting the virus. This article will examine these critical social factors and their impact on this current state of emergency in the African American community using Leininger's theory of Culture Care and Universality. Implications for health providers are also addressed.
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48
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Smoking Cessation among African Americans: What We Know and Do Not Know about Interventions and Self-quitting.
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Pederson, L. L.
Ahluwalia, J. S.
Harris, K. J.
McGrady, G. A.
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Prev Med. 31(1):23-38.
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African American
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2000
July
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BACKGROUND: Many studies on cessation interventions and self-quitting have been conducted, but few have focused on African Americans. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the available studies and make recommendations for future research. METHODS: Articles published from 1988 to 1998 were collected using Medline and other data bases, as well as personal communication. Studies were divided into two categories: evaluations of specific cessation interventions and examinations of self-quit behaviors and related factors. Studies were tabulated using author/year, study design/sample size, variables/results, and comments. RESULTS: In the intervention studies, church-based programs may provide an effective location for cessation interventions, but the studies to date did not demonstrate unequivocal effectiveness. In clinic programs, there do not appear to be any interventions that are particularly effective. In community-based interventions, there were no differences for African and Caucasian Americans. With regard to self-quitting, socio-demographic variables were similarly related to cessation as in the general population, as were smoking history variables. All other categories did not contain enough information for firm conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSIONS: There are some interventions that appear to be useful, but little information is available on self-quitting. More research is needed on the natural history of quitting, on the social norms for smoking among African American groups, and on the conceptual dimensions of race in the context of this research. Copyright 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
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49
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Background and Principles of an African American Targeted National Anti-drug Campaign.
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Hannon, S. W.
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J Public Health Manag Pract. 6(3):65-71.
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African American
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2000
May
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This article provides a review of key African American community values drawn from the literature. Central to this article is how these values can be incorporated into anti-drug messages and materials targeted to African Americans as part of a national five-year campaign being implemented by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America. The campaign is the first national campaign to base messages on behavioral science research and theories and subsequently uses research about targeted audiences to design prevention messages that are culturally relevant. Specific implications for the format and content of messages directed to African Americans are discussed.
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50
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Social Constructions of Breast Cancer.
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Thorne, S. E.
Murray, C.
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Health Care Women Int. 21(3):141-59.
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Spec. Pop Women
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2000 Apr-May
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In contrast to other life-threatening diseases, in which mortality is understood as the fundamental threat, much popular and professional discourse about breast cancer focuses on such issues as the identity, body image, and self-worth of the afflicted woman. Within the Western biomedical tradition, the meaning ascribed to breast cancer has been strongly influenced by competing social interpretations. In this paper, we contend that such social constructions shape the manner in which women experience breast cancer, including their decision making in response to treatment options as well as their strategies for coping with and making sense of breast cancer illness. We argue that an appreciation of the historical and cultural contexts in which breast cancer imagery has been constructed helps to explain the confusing array of ideologies that confront contemporary women diagnosed with breast cancer.
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